Hololens（Microsoft Corp.，WA Redmond，WA）是一款头饰，光学透明的增强现实展示，是最近提高医学增强现实研究的主要参与者。在医疗环境中，HoloLens使医生能够立即了解患者信息，直接与他们对临床方案的看法，医学生，可以更好地了解复杂的解剖学或程序，甚至可以通过执行治疗任务。改进，沉浸式指导。在这篇系统的综述中，我们提供了有关医疗领域第一代霍洛伦斯在2016年3月发布到2021年的全面使用的全面概述，一直关注其继任者霍洛伦斯2号。通过系统搜索PubMed和Scopus数据库确定了171个相关出版物。我们分析了这些出版物的预期用例，注册和跟踪的技术方法，数据源，可视化以及验证和评估。我们发现，尽管已经显示出在各种医学场景中使用Hololens的可行性，但在精确，可靠性，可用性，工作流程和感知方面的努力增加了在临床实践中建立AR。

目的：慢性主动脉疾病的监测成像，如解剖，依赖于在预定义主动脉地标随时间获得和比较预定义主动脉标志的横截面直径测量。由于缺乏鲁棒工具，横截面平面的方向由高训练的操作员手动定义。我们展示了如何有效地使用诊所中常规收集的手动注释来缓解该任务，尽管在测量中存在不可忽略的互操作器可变性。影响：通过利用不完美，回顾性的临床注释，可以缓解或自动化且重复的成像任务的弊端。方法论：在这项工作中，我们结合了卷积神经网络和不确定量化方法来预测这种横截面的取向。我们使用11个操作员随机处理的临床数据进行培训，并在3个独立运营商处理的较小集合上进行测试，以评估互通器变异性。结果：我们的分析表明，手动选择的横截面平面的特点是10.6 ^ \ CirC $ 10.6 ^ \ riC $和每角度为21.4美元的协议限额为95％我们的方法显示，静态误差减少3.57秒^ \ rIC $（$ 40.2 $％）和$ 4.11 ^ \ rIC $（$ 32.8 $％），而不是5.4 ^ \ rIC $（$ 49.0 $％）和16.0美元^ \ CIRC $（$ 74.6 $％）对手动处理。结论：这表明预先存在的注释可以是诊所的廉价资源，以便于易于提出和重复的任务，如横截面提取，以便监测主动脉夹层。

深度学习属于人工智能领域，机器执行通常需要某种人类智能的任务。类似于大脑的基本结构，深度学习算法包括一种人工神经网络，其类似于生物脑结构。利用他们的感官模仿人类的学习过程，深入学习网络被送入（感官）数据，如文本，图像，视频或声音。这些网络在不同的任务中优于最先进的方法，因此，整个领域在过去几年中看到了指数增长。这种增长在过去几年中每年超过10,000多种出版物。例如，只有在医疗领域中的所有出版物中覆盖的搜索引擎只能在Q3 2020中覆盖所有出版物的子集，用于搜索术语“深度学习”，其中大约90％来自过去三年。因此，对深度学习领域的完全概述已经不可能在不久的将来获得，并且在不久的将来可能会难以获得难以获得子场的概要。但是，有几个关于深度学习的综述文章，这些文章专注于特定的科学领域或应用程序，例如计算机愿景的深度学习进步或在物体检测等特定任务中进行。随着这些调查作为基础，这一贡献的目的是提供对不同科学学科的深度学习的第一个高级，分类的元调查。根据底层数据来源（图像，语言，医疗，混合）选择了类别（计算机愿景，语言处理，医疗信息和其他工程）。此外，我们还审查了每个子类别的常见架构，方法，专业，利弊，评估，挑战和未来方向。

Process monitoring and control are essential in modern industries for ensuring high quality standards and optimizing production performance. These technologies have a long history of application in production and have had numerous positive impacts, but also hold great potential when integrated with Industry 4.0 and advanced machine learning, particularly deep learning, solutions. However, in order to implement these solutions in production and enable widespread adoption, the scalability and transferability of deep learning methods have become a focus of research. While transfer learning has proven successful in many cases, particularly with computer vision and homogenous data inputs, it can be challenging to apply to heterogeneous data. Motivated by the need to transfer and standardize established processes to different, non-identical environments and by the challenge of adapting to heterogeneous data representations, this work introduces the Domain Adaptation Neural Network with Cyclic Supervision (DBACS) approach. DBACS addresses the issue of model generalization through domain adaptation, specifically for heterogeneous data, and enables the transfer and scalability of deep learning-based statistical control methods in a general manner. Additionally, the cyclic interactions between the different parts of the model enable DBACS to not only adapt to the domains, but also match them. To the best of our knowledge, DBACS is the first deep learning approach to combine adaptation and matching for heterogeneous data settings. For comparison, this work also includes subspace alignment and a multi-view learning that deals with heterogeneous representations by mapping data into correlated latent feature spaces. Finally, DBACS with its ability to adapt and match, is applied to a virtual metrology use case for an etching process run on different machine types in semiconductor manufacturing.

An Anomaly Detection (AD) System for Self-diagnosis has been developed for Multiphase Flow Meter (MPFM). The system relies on machine learning algorithms for time series forecasting, historical data have been used to train a model and to predict the behavior of a sensor and, thus, to detect anomalies.

Building a quantum analog of classical deep neural networks represents a fundamental challenge in quantum computing. A key issue is how to address the inherent non-linearity of classical deep learning, a problem in the quantum domain due to the fact that the composition of an arbitrary number of quantum gates, consisting of a series of sequential unitary transformations, is intrinsically linear. This problem has been variously approached in the literature, principally via the introduction of measurements between layers of unitary transformations. In this paper, we introduce the Quantum Path Kernel, a formulation of quantum machine learning capable of replicating those aspects of deep machine learning typically associated with superior generalization performance in the classical domain, specifically, hierarchical feature learning. Our approach generalizes the notion of Quantum Neural Tangent Kernel, which has been used to study the dynamics of classical and quantum machine learning models. The Quantum Path Kernel exploits the parameter trajectory, i.e. the curve delineated by model parameters as they evolve during training, enabling the representation of differential layer-wise convergence behaviors, or the formation of hierarchical parametric dependencies, in terms of their manifestation in the gradient space of the predictor function. We evaluate our approach with respect to variants of the classification of Gaussian XOR mixtures - an artificial but emblematic problem that intrinsically requires multilevel learning in order to achieve optimal class separation.

Aliasing is a highly important concept in signal processing, as careful consideration of resolution changes is essential in ensuring transmission and processing quality of audio, image, and video. Despite this, up until recently aliasing has received very little consideration in Deep Learning, with all common architectures carelessly sub-sampling without considering aliasing effects. In this work, we investigate the hypothesis that the existence of adversarial perturbations is due in part to aliasing in neural networks. Our ultimate goal is to increase robustness against adversarial attacks using explainable, non-trained, structural changes only, derived from aliasing first principles. Our contributions are the following. First, we establish a sufficient condition for no aliasing for general image transformations. Next, we study sources of aliasing in common neural network layers, and derive simple modifications from first principles to eliminate or reduce it. Lastly, our experimental results show a solid link between anti-aliasing and adversarial attacks. Simply reducing aliasing already results in more robust classifiers, and combining anti-aliasing with robust training out-performs solo robust training on $L_2$ attacks with none or minimal losses in performance on $L_{\infty}$ attacks.

The problem of generating an optimal coalition structure for a given coalition game of rational agents is to find a partition that maximizes their social welfare and is known to be NP-hard. This paper proposes GCS-Q, a novel quantum-supported solution for Induced Subgraph Games (ISGs) in coalition structure generation. GCS-Q starts by considering the grand coalition as initial coalition structure and proceeds by iteratively splitting the coalitions into two nonempty subsets to obtain a coalition structure with a higher coalition value. In particular, given an $n$-agent ISG, the GCS-Q solves the optimal split problem $\mathcal{O} (n)$ times using a quantum annealing device, exploring $\mathcal{O}(2^n)$ partitions at each step. We show that GCS-Q outperforms the currently best classical solvers with its runtime in the order of $n^2$ and an expected worst-case approximation ratio of $93\%$ on standard benchmark datasets.

Anomaly Detection is a relevant problem that arises in numerous real-world applications, especially when dealing with images. However, there has been little research for this task in the Continual Learning setting. In this work, we introduce a novel approach called SCALE (SCALing is Enough) to perform Compressed Replay in a framework for Anomaly Detection in Continual Learning setting. The proposed technique scales and compresses the original images using a Super Resolution model which, to the best of our knowledge, is studied for the first time in the Continual Learning setting. SCALE can achieve a high level of compression while maintaining a high level of image reconstruction quality. In conjunction with other Anomaly Detection approaches, it can achieve optimal results. To validate the proposed approach, we use a real-world dataset of images with pixel-based anomalies, with the scope to provide a reliable benchmark for Anomaly Detection in the context of Continual Learning, serving as a foundation for further advancements in the field.

Digital media have enabled the access to unprecedented literary knowledge. Authors, readers, and scholars are now able to discover and share an increasing amount of information about books and their authors. Notwithstanding, digital archives are still unbalanced: writers from non-Western countries are less represented, and such a condition leads to the perpetration of old forms of discrimination. In this paper, we present the Under-Represented Writers Knowledge Graph (URW-KG), a resource designed to explore and possibly amend this lack of representation by gathering and mapping information about works and authors from Wikidata and three other sources: Open Library, Goodreads, and Google Books. The experiments based on KG embeddings showed that the integrated information encoded in the graph allows scholars and users to be more easily exposed to non-Western literary works and authors with respect to Wikidata alone. This opens to the development of fairer and effective tools for author discovery and exploration.